This is my post and I will write it from my perspective–as a woman, a feminist and an atheist. I invite you to tackle this subject in rebuttal. I will seriously consider every submission and the GifS Pantheon will make the final decision on posting it.
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Mitt Romney, former governor of Massachusetts and son of a former governor of Michigan, is a candidate for the US presidency, as his father was in 1968. As a Democrat, I would never be able to vote for him–not even if Zell Miller were the Democratic candidate! Just so you know…
Mr. Romney is a Mormon (or more properly, a member of the sect known as “Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints). His bio indicates that he has been married to his high school “sweetheart”, Ann, for 37 years. However, the news biz is reporting that his great-grandfather and great-great-grandfather practiced polygamy, with 12 wives and 5 wives respectively. Are you shocked? Me neither.
This just gives me the opportunity to find out why the Mormons practiced polygamy. So I went to answers.com–
According to current LDS scripture, Joseph Smith recorded a divine revelation July 12, 1843, outlining the law governing celestial and plural marriage. This revelation explained that even if Joseph Smith “have ten virgins given unto him by this law, he cannot commit adultery” because “they belong to him, and they are given unto him; therefore is he justified.” The revelation also taught that plural wives “are given unto him to multiply and replenish the earth, according to my commandment, and to fulfill the promise which was given by my Father before the foundation of the world, and for their exaltation in the eternal worlds, that they may bear the souls of men.” (Doctrine and Covenants 132:62-63)
Utah is a very inhospitable place, even today. Most of the land is still barren and undeveloped. The task of turning such land into agriculturally productive acreage was daunting. One man working full time was doomed to an early death. One man and many sons had better prospects. And for that reason, polygamy was attractive to a patriarchal male, because women (damn them!), took around a year to produce each child! (Useless creatures!) He could die of overwork while she took her own sweet time giving him sons, and she was undependable in even that little respect! (Contrary females, anyway!) BUT if he could have a whole slew of wives, he could have his “workers” that much faster. And the women could help each other with the chores. (Yeah, that’s the ticket…) Women were not consulted.
But that was in Utah. Joseph Smith never made it to Utah, dying in a hail of gunfire while in jail in Illinois. Smith never saw what Brigham Young saw, when he looked down on the Great Basin, in which the largest body of water is saltier than the global oceans, and said, “This is the place.”
Smith, instead, in 1843 had a “divine revelation”, while living in Illinois, about “plural marriage”, a practice that his wife, Emma, was seriously opposed to. [Duh!] However, we must consider that the “revelation” was probably to cover his tracks–he was either a polygamist or he was a serial philanderer. His first “plural marriage” occured in Kirtland, Ohio, in 1833! So it took him ten years to tell his followers of his Divine Revelation?
Fanny Alger…was married to Joseph Smith in approximately early 1833, at age sixteen. She then lived in joseph’s house as a maid but was expelled from the house by Emma when she became pregnant, according to one source. (CC)
And then in quick succession:
Lucinda Pendleton, age 37 (CC); Louisa Beaman, 26 (CC); Zina Diantha Huntington, 20 (CC);
In point of fact, Zina was seven-months pregnant with the child of her current husband, Henry Jacobs, when she married Smith!
Presendia Lathrop Huntington (the older sister of Zina Huntington) 31, (CC); Agnes Moulton Coolbrith. 33 (CC); Sylvia Porter Sessions, 23 (CC); Mary Elizabeth Rollins, 23 (CC); Patty Bartlett, 47 [mother of Sylvia Sessions, wife Number Eight!] (CC); Marinda Nancy, 27 (CC); Elizabeth Davis, 50 or 51 (CC); Sarah Maryetta, 53 or 54 (CC); Delcena Didamia Johnson, 37 or 38 (CC); Eliza Roxcy Snow, 38 (CC); Sarah Ann Whitney, 17 (CC); Martha McBride, 37 (CC); Ruth Daggett Vose, 33 (CC); Flora Ann Woodworth, 16 (CC); Emily Dow Partridge, 19 (CC); Eliza Maria Partridge, 22 (CC); Almera Woodward Johnson, 30 (CC); Lucy Walker, 17 (CC); Sarah Lawrence, 17 (CC); Maria Lawrence, 19 (CC); Helen Mar Kimball, 14 (CC); Elvira Annie Cowles, 29 (CC); Rhoda Richards, 58(CC); Desdemona Catlin Wadsworth Fullmer, 32 or 33 (CC); Hannah S. Ells, 29 or 30 (CC); Olive Grey Frost, 27 or 28 (CC); Melissa Lott, 19(CC); Nancy Maria Winchester, 14 (CC); and Fanny Young, 56(CC).
Lumped like that, they look like stones on the ground–merely the minutiae of History…
Smith married sisters (Partridge, Lawrence, Huntington), a mother&daughter (Bartlett&Sessions), Brigham Young’s older sister, Fanny, and Heber Kimball’s daughter, Helen. Some were as young as 14; some as old as 59…
Some of Smith’s “widows” married Brigham Young (Beaman, Frost, ZDHuntington, MLawrence, EDPartridge, Richards, Rollins, and Snow) and Heber Kimball (PLHuntington, SLawrence, McBride, SPSessions, Walker, Whitney, and Winchester).
So was it for the sex? To disseminate (great word!) the seed of the prophet? Or, as one site suggested, maybe it was utopian in outlook…
The women were passed around, they entered and left relationships, and they died young or of incredible old age, even as old as 97! They had children–lots and lots of children!–but most of them were girls; and most died young, too, no matter what sex they were. And except for Emma’s children, Smith only fathered one child rumored to be his.
Strangely enough, or probably because it was so new and such a small cult, the women had more power and effective input. When they weren’t planning weddings or having babies, that is.
And did you know he was only 39 when he died? According to answers.com:
By 1844 Smith had come to regard Nauvoo as an enclave independent of the United States, and the leaders of his church crowned him king of this new kingdom of God on earth. That same year, Smith offered himself for president of the United States, advocating the establishment of a “theodemocracy” and the abolition of slavery.
In 1844 an apostate published an exposé of Mormon polygamy. Smith ill-advisedly permitted his followers to destroy the defector’s press, which gave the surrounding “Gentiles” an excuse to retaliate against the Mormons. The Illinois governor sent the militia to arrest Smith for riot, but the militiamen exceeded their orders and brutally murdered Smith on June 27, 1844.
I have a friend who has spent a great deal of time in Europe. Doug tells of multi-unit relationship arrangements that include both sexes. He says that they are accepted without raised eyebrows. I can see that it could be possible. There. That we could have straights and gays in one relationship. There.
And I can see that I have now opened my mind to “something like” polygamy/polyandry. Even here. But not yet…